Governor.



A. T. KASLEY.

GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 7. 1914.

1,28 1,26 1 Patented June 26, 1917.

IN VE N TOR.

man rear ra onrrn ALEXANDER. ill. KASLEY, 0F SWISSVALE, PENNSYLVANIA,ASSIGNOR TO THE WEST- INGHOUSE MACHINE COMPANY, A

conrona'rronor rnnn'svLvAnr/a.

GOVERNOR.

meteor.

To all whom it may concern 5 Be it known that I, ALEXANDER T. KAS- ,LEY,a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Swissvale, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have made a'new anduseful invention in Governors, of which the following is aspecification.

An object of this invention is to produce a highly efiicient andefiective governor mechanism which is cheaper to bui d and is of simplerconstruction than governor mechanisms of equal power and sensitivenessnow in use and lmown to me.

A further Object is to produce a governormechanism inwhich means areemployed for varying the counterbalancing force of the speed responsivemeans in proportion to theb varying results attained by the governormechanism. a I

A further object is to produce a governor mechanism in which means areemployedfor decreasing the amplitude of the motion of the centrifugalweights or speed responsive agent employed.

A further object is to produce a governor mechanism in which means areemployed for maintaining the governor weights or speed responsive agentat substantially the same distance fromthe axis of rotation-for allvarying loads and speeds of the governed apparatus. t

A further and more specific object is to produce a variable speedgovernor mechanism of approximately equal strength, for all speedswithin its range and in which means are employed for eliminating ,heavythrusts on the thrust collar and for reducing the maximum strain on thecounter-- balancing spring of the governor weights'or speed responsiveagent employed.

.These and "other objects, which will be made apparent throughout thefurther description 3f the invention, are attained by means of agovernor mechanism embodying the features herein described andillustrated in the single sheet drawing accompanying and forming a partof this application.

In the drawing I have illustrated dia-'- y Specification of LettersPatent. Patented J 1111MB 2%, 19 1'?" Application filed October 7,

1914-.- Serial No. 865,545.

through the agency of any suitable means, such for example, as thepulley 4:. Gentrifugal weights 5 are mounted on bell cranks 6, WhlCh arejournaled on a bracket 7, rigidly mounted on the spindle 3, and areadapted to engage a sleeve 8, surrounding the governor spindle 3, andmove it longitudinally of the spindle, in response to varia tions in thepositions of the weights with relation to their axis of rotation. Asillustrated, centrifugal action of the weights is opposed by a coiledspring 9, which is secured to the two bell cranks 6 in such a manner asto tend to move the weights inwardly toward the spindle 3.

The sleeve 8 is connected in any suitable ,manner, such for example asshown, to a lever 11, so that it is capable of moving the lever aboutits fulcrum point 12 in response to variations in the positions of theweights 5. As illustrated, the lever 11 is adapted to actuate a relayvalve 13 and to thereby control the located in a cylinder 15. Anysuitable relay valve may be employed and, as illustrated, the valve 13is capable of controlling the delivery pl operation of a piston 14:,which is 0t er of the cylinder 15, and of also controlling the exhaustof fluid from one end or other of the cylinder 15, and consists of avalve proper, having two port controlling portions 13' and 13', whicharemounted on 1 a valve stem 17- and are inclosed within a casing 13.Each port controlling portion of the -valve is adapted to control thedelivery of fluid under pressure through a separate port 19, with whichthe casing 13 I is provided. One of the orts 19 communicates with theupper en while the other communicates with the lower end of the cylinder15. The fluid supply pipe or port 16 is located at an intermediate pointof the casing 13, so that it delivers fluid to the casing 'at a pointbetween the ort controlling portions 13 and 13 whi e is provided withtwo exhaust ports 21, which are located at opposite ends of the casinand beyond the portions 13 and 13 Wit the casing grammatically andpartially in sectiona Such 1 g n ;m0 i0n Ofthf; relay governingmechanism embodying my invenvalve Wlll place one of the ports 19 incomtion. p munlcation wlth the supply ipe 16, andthe The apparatusillustrated includes aroother in communicatlon wit one of the extatablespindle 3, which is adapted to be haust ports 21, so that fiuld underpressure driven by the apparatus to be governed, w1ll be dellvered toone end 0;? the cylinder 15, while the other end of the cylinder is opento exhaust. This will cause the piston 14 to move in response to thepreponderance of fluid pressure in one end over ,that existing in theother end of the cylinder 15. The

' ment is such that as the balls 5 of the goverexhaust.

nor move outwardly in response to an increase in speed of the governedapparatus, the valve 25 will move to restrict the flow of motive fluidthrough the delivery main 25, and vice versa, as the balls move inwardlyin response to a decrease in speed of the governed apparatus, the valve25 will move to increase the delivery of motive fluid through the main25.

Vith an arrangement of the apparatus described, the valve 25 would beeither fully opened or fully closed by each change in position of thegovernor balls 5. This, however, is obviated by providing meansresponsive to the variations in the position of the piston 14 forvarying the counterbalanc ing force on the balls 5, or for returningthem to substantially their normal operative position after thegoverning mechanism is operated in response to a variation in speed or achange in load on the apparatus to be governed. As illustrated, I haveprovided a compression spring 26 between the free end of the lever 11and a lug or lateral extension 27, provided on the piston rod 22. Thespring 26 is preferably so connected to the lever and the lug that it iscapable of operating either as a compression or a tension spring.

The operation of the apparatus described is as follows: As the load onthe engine or apparatus to be governed diminishes and the speed of theapparatus consequently increases, the governor balls move outwardly andthrough the agency of the sleeve 8 shift the position of the lever 11,and there- 'by move the relay valve 13 to admit fluid under pressure tothe lower end of the cylinder 15, and to place the upper end of the-cylinder in communication with the exhaust. The piston 14 moving inresponse to the fluid pressure admitted to the cylinder closes the valve25 more or less and at the same time compresses the spring 26 to such anextent that it finally shifts the position of the lever 11 to its normalor intermediate position, in which the relay valve closes both the ports19 and cuts off the delivery of fluid to the cylinder 15 and alsocommunication between the cylinder and the The movement of .the lever 11in response to the pressure exerted on it by the spring 26 istransmitted to the governor balls through the agency of the sleeve 8 andlay valve, delivers fluid under pressure to the upper end of thecylinder 15, while the lower end of the cylinder is placed incommunication with the exhaust. The piston 14 therefore movesdownwardly, opening the valve 25 more or less and also reducing thecounterbalancing force on the balls 5 by reducing the pressure on thespring 26. Consequently the balls 5 are capable of returning to theirnormal operative position in response to the centrifugal force sincetheir counterbalancing force is diminished. This motion of the ballsreturns the lever 11 to its normal operative position, in which therelay valve {closes communication between the cylinder 15 and the fluidadmission pipe 16, as well as between the cylinder 15 and the exhaustports 21. If, now, the load on the engine further increases, occasioninga further diminution in the speed, the balls 5 will again move inwardlyin response to the decreasing centrifugal force and will again shift theposition of the lever 11, so asto admit fluid under pressure to theupper end of the cylinder. This will occasion a further opening of thevalve 25 and a further diminution of the counterbalancing force on theballs 5, so that the balls will again move to their normal position andwill again shift the lever 11 to its normal position. An increase inspeed of the apparatus to be governed, and a consequent increase inspeed will occasion an outward movement of the balls, which will shiftthe position of the relay 13 to close the valve 25 more or less. 'IQheclosing movement thus imparted to the piston 14 will also operate on thespring 26 to increase the'counterbalano 2 respond more readily tovariations in load,

whether the apparatus to be governed is operating und r heavy or lightload.

In the apparatus illustrated I have provided improvedmeans for varyingthe effective operation of the governing mechanism so as to vary thespeed of the governed apparatus as desired.

The means illustrated consists of a leverof the weights, in accordancewith variations in the position of the weights relatively to the fulcrumpoints of the mounting arms 6.

The sleeve 32 is shown loosely mounted on' the spindle 3 of thegovernor'and capable of being Krnoved longitudinally of the spindle bymeans of the lever 31 which as illustrated, is provided with a ratchetengaging pawl 34 for locking it in various positions.

The yoke 33 is slotted at each end, so as to engage pins 35 carried bythe weights, which are loosely mounted on their supporting arms -6. Withthis arrangement the yoke 33 and the sleeve 32 will rotate with theweights 5 and will be capable of varying the position ofthe weights inresponse to variations in the position of the sleeve lBy moving theweights away from the fulcrum point of the bell cranks 6, their levera eis increased and consequently the efi'ectot the centrifugal force isincreased, and vice versa, when the weights are moved toward the fulcrumpoint the power arms of the bell crank levers 6 are decreased ineffective length and consequently the effectiveness of the centrifugalforce is reduced. I

lhe speed of the governed device can therefore be varied at will bymerely shifting the position of the weights along their supporting bellcranks.

Another feature of my invention is that the thrust imparted tothe-governor or thrust collar by the weights 5 is materially reducedbelow that encountered in ordinary governors. This is accomplished gbyso locating the relay valve that the normal position of the weightsupporting arm of each bell crank '6 is parallel to the spindle 3. Withsuch an arrangement there is no component of the centrifugal force,which causes thrust on the collar of the sleeve 32, and the sleeve .32therefore merely supports the weight of the parts,v which in a highspeed governor is very small.

While I have illustrated one embodimentof my invention, and havedescribed the principles of operation thereof, it will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that various changes, modifications,substitutions,

additions and omissions may be made in the apparatus illustrated withoutdeparting apparatus, a relay actuated by the speed responsive means, apiston controlled by the relay for controlling the operation of saidmechanism, and means operating in response to the operation of saidpiston for moving said speed responsive means back to its iniv tialoperative position.

'2. In a governing mechanism, a centrifugal weight driven by thegoverned apparatus, and movable toward and away from its axis ofrotation in response to variations 1n the speed of IOtfitlOIf thereof, amechanism for controlling the operation of the governed apparatus, meanscontrolled by the centrifugal action of the weight for controlling theoperation of said mechanism,

and a device controlled by said means for varying the centripetal forceexerted on said weight, in response to the operation of said means, andafter said weight has moved in response to a variation in speed.

3. In a governing mechanism, a centrifugal weight driven by the governedapparatus and movable toward and away from its axis of rotation inresponse to variations the speed of rotation thereof, a mechanism forcontrolling the operation of the governed apparatus, means controlled bythe centrifugal action of the weight for controlling the operationofsaid mechanism, and a spring controlled by saidmeans for varying thecentripetal force exerted on said weight in response to the operation ofsaid means, and after said weight has moved in response to a variationin speed.

4. In a governing mechanism, speed responsive means movable to differentposltions in response to variations in the speed of the apparatus'to begoverned, means controlled thereby but acting more slowly than the speedresponsive means, for controlling the-operation -of the governedapparatus, and means controlled by the operation of said controlledmeans for returning said centrifugally controlled,means to substantiallyits normal operative position, after 5. In a governing mechanism,centrifur gally controlled means movable in response to variations inthe speed of the governed apparatus, means controlled by the centrlfugal action of said centrifugally controlled means for controlling theoperation of the governed apparatus, and means controlled by said lastmentioned means for varying the centripetal force exerted on saidcentrifugally controlled means after each movement of the centrifugallycontrolled means in response to ad/ariation of the speed of the governedapparatus. v

6. In a governing mechanlsm, speed responsive means, movable todlfllerent posltions in response to variations H1 speed of the apparatusto be governed, means for controlling the operation of the apparatus tobe governed, a relay actuated by the speed responsive means, and apiston controlled by the relay for controlling the op eration of saidmeans and for moving said speed responsive means back to its initialposition in moving in response to the control of the relay.

7. In a governing mechanism, a centrifugal Weight movable to difierentpositions in response to variations in the speed of the apparatus to begoverned, means for yieldingly resisting the centrifugal pull of theWeight, means for controlling the operation of the apparatus to begoverned, a piston for controlling the operatlon of said controllingmeans, a relay actua d by said weight for controlling the operation ofsaid piston, and means controlled by the piston for varying thecounterbalancing load of the Weight in response to movements of thepiston under the control of said relay.

weight, a relay actuated by the lever, and a piston yieldingly connectedto sald lever and controlled by said relay to actuate said controllingmeans and to move said lever,

said relay and said Weight to initial operative positions in movinginresponse to the control of the relay.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this th day ofOctober, 1914' I ALEXANDER T. KASLEY.

Witnesses: i

C. W. lVloGrrnm E. W. MOCALLISTER.

